All posts by Neil Harwani

Interested in movies, music, history, computer science, software, engineering, management and technology

Java ecosystem observations – Part 1

Below are some notes on Java which help us to decipher how it has evolved over time since 1995. This is part 1 of the series. This acts as a mini caselet to understand how a successful ecosystem related to an application programming language has evolved over decades.

  • Origins: Bytecode, compile once, run anywhere concept via Java Virtual Machine – 1995
  • Object oriented origins, largely focussed on application programming
  • Steadily in one of the top choices for programming since origin
  • Liberal license & forks under TCK/JCK & OpenJava along with paid, enterprise options of Oracle / IBM and more as of 2022
  • Large open standards, open collaboration & open source influence since the beginning
  • Automatic memory management
  • Top languages built on top of JVM: Java, Kotlin, Groovy, Scala, Clojure as of 2022
  • Associated top products, frameworks, libraries and platforms built on top of Java: Spring, Activiti, jBPM, Drools, Log4j, Kafka, Tomcat, Spark, ElasticSearch and more as of 2022
  • Multi-threaded
  • Platform independent & Just in time
  • Influenced by C/C++
  • Over time, both Java Spring & Jakarta EE have evolved for enterprise Java
  • Has developed coding standards
  • Has a well defined specification ecosystem
  • Spring ecosystem has support for microservices, reactive programming, cloud, webapps, serverless, events, batch, security and more
  • JNI is an option to run native code
  • Thousands of tutorials, blogs, websites, news, videos & technology articles cover Java on routine basis
  • Functional programming concepts recently introduced

References:

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_JVM_languages
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Java_frameworks
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Framework
  • https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/
  • https://openjdk.org/
  • https://google.github.io/styleguide/javaguide.html
  • https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/
  • https://cr.openjdk.java.net/~iris/se/11/latestSpec/java-se-11-jls-draft-diffs.pdf
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface
  • https://www.baeldung.com/jni
  • https://www.baeldung.com/java-functional-programming
  • https://jakarta.ee/

Management outcomes for departmental analytics – Part 1

What could be the outcomes for various departments in an organization in terms of using analytics? Here is part 1 for the same.

Background and context: Most organizations struggle at some point of time in their lifecycle for management outcomes and as per the latest trends try to use analytics to assist in better decision making. With more than 30-50 areas for algorithms / frameworks and knowledge in the quantitative and mathematics fields, where should the focus be? Based on my observations and learnings, focus could be on below areas in terms of outcomes:

Human Resources:

  • Employee satisfaction
  • Career advancement
  • Skills & Knowledge analysis
  • Compensation & benefits analysis
  • Leadership pipeline analysis
  • Scalability analysis
  • Cost analysis

Finance:

  • Sustainability in terms of profitability & continued revenue
  • Local community engagement
  • Investments for sustainability
  • Product & services evolution & sustainability

Product team:

  • Customer satisfaction scores
  • Revenue trends
  • Features analysis in terms of usability & adoption
  • Product support & customer success scores

Marketing:

  • Customer retention
  • Net new customer addition
  • Brand awareness & recall
  • Cost analysis for digital marketing & customer acquisition

Operations:

  • Customer satisfaction scores
  • Turn around and closure time for requests
  • Problem analysis & cause finding

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

eCommerce evolution in India – Part 1

This caselet tries to summarize the evolution of eCommerce in India in the last two decades and lists the phases as observed.

Summary from Wikipedia article here:

  • Internet user base of 600+ Million in India
  • Rapid growth in eCommerce but eCommerce penetration as a percentage of internet users is low compared to US, China, France and so on
  • Cash on delivery is the preferred mode for more than 70% of users
  • Demand for international products is high
  • Flipkart, Amazon, Snapdeal, JioOnline, Multiple grocery vendors and specialized sellers in electronics, gifts, travel and more are the leading eCommerce entities
  • Open Network for Digital Commerce is under pilot phase in India
  • Online travel booking, apparel, retail, grocery, electronics, mobile, DTH, warehousing, logistics, food delivery, ride hailing, furniture, luxury, home maintenance & services, gifts, fashion are a large component of eCommerce in India
  • COVID-19 created lot of upheaval in the models and sales in eCommerce
  • Evolution into 10-30 minutes delivery, next day delivery and innovative models have seen an uptick in last 3-5 years
  • Large number of investors have put in money into various entities over the last 10-15 years
  • Niche players in automobile, apparel, grocery and similar areas have been coming up
  • String of acquisitions / mergers have happened over the last 10 years especially from large players
  • B2B eCommerce is growing quickly. Players like Bizongo, Udaan, Medikabazaar, Moglix, Ofbusiness and Inframarket are present.
  • Major regulation rules include foreign players not allowed to hold inventory

Phases as observed in the last two decades:

  • Standalone focussed players – early entrants – with less regulation
  • High growth in number of eCommerce players
  • Entry of investors
  • Regulations evolving over time
  • Shift of smaller sellers (many of them) to marketplaces
  • Friction between online & offline sellers
  • Hyper competitive growth with losses to capture market
  • Enablement of financial ecosystem like UPI, RuPAY, QR, JanDhan, Cash on delivery models and so on
  • Evolution of 4G and broadband
  • Specialized and niche sellers
  • IPOs for many specialized players
  • Newer models of sales around delivery, bundling of additional facilities and so on
  • Evolution of local logistics players
  • Consolidation, closures & M&A across the industry
  • Brand building, focus shift to a mature mindset and ecosystem
  • Newer initiatives to standardize eCommerce like ONDC and preparation for 5G

References:

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce_in_India
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Network_for_Digital_Commerce
  • https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/rapid-digitalisation-drives-b2b-ecommerce-during-pandemic/articleshow/88500483.cms
  • Google News

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

Culture in Tier 1 cities for ITES

I am starting with mini caselets newsletter (once every month) which is a series of anonymous (real / hypothetical / reality inspired) mini case studies each of maximum 2 pages from my observations of industry happenings – direct / indirect / via news articles / network / friends / problems that people face and such. Intention of each mini caselet is to highlight a set of challenges that are faced both by managers & employees or hypothetically created leading to better leadership and management styles which in turn give better environment for employees or solutions or solution direction.

Think of a situation of an ITES company office in Tier-1 city which is recruiting lot of fresh talent and working on onboarding them to become productive in 2-3 months to deliver good projects.

What can go wrong?

  • Disagreements between two set of managers who manage the same account / customer in the same shared office space of an extended development center each having competing teams
  • Uneven knowledge transition to fresh candidates
  • Silos & lack of functional knowledge for team
  • Managers deciding how the behaviors of employees should be in terms of which interactions they should have and which to avoid based in older management & leadership principles from 80s/90s command and control structures
  • Cultural differences in terms of recruitment geographies of candidates leading to differing work styles – For example, somebody studied and lived in a Tier 2 city in India vs. somebody who studied and lived in Tier 1 city in non India region – both will have differing goals and perspectives
  • Culture of less knowledge sharing and long working hours
  • Struggle for accommodation, food, entertainment, social circle and more with a very limited salary in year 1 in Tier-1 city
  • Disengagement of support functions in terms of how work is done on the ground and them differing to managers for every decision
  • Add to the mix competitive landscape to go onsite, climb the corporate ladder & increase salary quickly
  • All this in the influence of 1.5/2 year retention contracts for fresh candidates when they can’t leave the firm easily

Now to solve this situation simply flip the scenario and fix each point one by one by interventions / trainings / guidance / discussions / role plays / similar techniques and you have a recipe for a better culture, it’s as simple as that.

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

Product ecosystem – What are it’s essential components?

What are the essential components of the product ecosystem?

Some of them are shared with services like:

  • Billing
  • Engineering / Development
  • Sales & Pre-sales
  • Marketing
  • Documentation
  • Roadmap
  • Legal
  • Account management
  • Support services like HR, Operations & Finance and so on

But others are unique to the product ecosystem like:

  • Product features management
  • Product roadmap
  • Product strategy
  • Engineering which is focussed on the product
  • Infrastructure
  • Partners & Suppliers
  • Legal & privacy from product perspective
  • Pricing
  • Domain / functional areas
  • Version management
  • Product help & documentation ecosystem
  • Partnership management
  • Multi-geography taxation & legal requirements
  • Customer Success & Services focussed on iterative feedback and improvements in product ecosystem
  • Market analysis & segment creation
  • Product support
  • Specialized collaboration & product tools
  • Product consulting

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

We should not be normalizing this

Being direct, frank, authentic and natural self is ok but below is not. We should not be normalizing this:

  • Achieve targets literally at any cost
  • Repeated bad behaviour in hierarchy
  • Messing up people’s personal lives
  • Using words like professionalism & seasoned to avoid doing what needs to be done
  • Playing mind games with people fresh out of college
  • Delegate and then take credit for other’s work
  • Judge people without knowing context
  • Promote silos, avoid team work and mess up collaboration and creativity
  • Pay someone less than market rate if we can afford the real salary
  • Treat people like trash and take advantage of them
  • Not fix the fixable
  • Not doing the right thing
  • Bring personal biases into the organization
  • Have different set of rules for the same input and output for different groups of people
  • We are not at war, we are in information technology / services industry
  • Most people lose their cool or misbehave once in a while or have a bad day once in a while but if that is a habit ingrained in the culture of the organization affecting large parts of the organization then there is a problem that needs a relook

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

Observations from my trips – Part 1

I have travelled to many places in India plus multiple states in US and to Ghana, Africa in the past on short trips. Here are some of my observations and learnings from these trips. This is part – 1 of what I have observed. Hope to follow up with more observations & learnings in future.

Ghana:

  • Visited capital city Accra – Some day would want to go back there
  • Calm and spiritual people overall
  • People are friendly and helpful
  • Traffic rules are followed mostly
  • All interactions with customers in offices / places of work were friendly, calm and cordial
  • Many study in western countries and then come back to work in their country
  • You need a car to travel around due to distances
  • Cost of living in hotels is high compared to similar hotels in India

USA:

  • I have visited New Jersey, New York, California, Dallas – Texas, Chicago – hope to visit more states & cities in future
  • They follow queues at the airport
  • Most things are kept organized
  • Weather was good at the times when I went there
  • Many people work with a strong ethic of office hours & off hours which means start at 8/9 AM and leave by 5 or so PM
  • People from many cultures come together and work
  • Upkeep of public and private spaces is organized and well managed
  • Multiple types of options to stay are available
  • Healthy options in food were available in office eateries
  • People work from home regularly
  • Having a car or a network with whom you can go around in private vehicles is an advantage
  • Depending on the city – public transport may or may not be available
  • Offices generally have open and free spaces
  • After 8 to 9 PM traffic and rush on the roads goes down
  • You will find people from varied backgrounds and citizenships / geographies in office

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

Navigating Liferay as a Customer & Partner – Part 1

Single ready reference of important links for customers & partners of Liferay:

  • Where is the customer portal: https://www.liferay.com/customers
  • Where do I find the documentation – Version & Product wise: https://learn.liferay.com/
  • Where is the developer portal: https://www.liferay.com/developers
  • Where is the partner portal: https://www.liferay.com/partners
  • Where can I get online trainings: https://www.liferay.com/learning
  • Where are the blogs: https://www.liferay.com/blog
  • Where can I get the case studies: https://www.liferay.com/resources/case-studies
  • Where is the list of upcoming events: https://www.liferay.com/events
  • Where are the details for Subscription services: https://www.liferay.com/subscription-services
  • What is DXP: https://www.liferay.com/products/dxp
  • What is Liferay Experience Cloud: https://www.liferay.com/products/liferay-experience-cloud
  • What are the major Use-cases & Industries that Liferay caters to: https://www.liferay.com/ – Navigate to Solutions
  • Where is the MarketPlace: https://web.liferay.com/marketplace
  • Where is the resource library: https://www.liferay.com/resources
  • Where is the YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/liferayinc
  • Where is the LinkedIn page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/liferay-inc-/
  • Where do I raise a product request for technical support, licenses and similar points: https://help.liferay.com/hc/articles/360018414031
  • Where is the page for careers: https://www.liferay.com/careers

Compliance in Private Limited firms – Part 1

Most questions that employees raise are around culture, benefits and salary (CTC) in firms. There is a large space of compliances and other work that business owners, investors & stakeholders need to manage.

To start with – various types of firms exist, will not be explaining those in detail here but listing them for reference: Proprietorship, OPC, Private Limited, Partnerships, LLP, Public Limited and so on.

Intention of this blog is to provide a list of compliances that a private limited firm needs. This will be a helpful guide for those intending to setup their own firm.

  • Annual filings with Ministry of Corporate Affairs
  • MCA registration for firm
  • Income Tax
  • GST
  • Professional tax
  • Medical Insurance
  • Group Life Insurance
  • EPF & EPS
  • Udyam
  • Board meetings
  • Balance sheet, income statements & accounting
  • Appointment of CA & CS
  • Director registration with MCA
  • AOA & MOA
  • Shops & Establishments Act
  • Trademarks
  • Patents
  • Digital Certificates
  • Bank accounts
  • Salaries
  • ESIC
  • Shram Suvidha

Each of the topics above is a discussion in itself which we will explore in other parts of this blog sometime in future.

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

Stories from my career & education – Part – I

Have been observing people posting their stories on LinkedIn and other places. This is my attempt at short summaries of learnings over the years from my career and education – Part 1. As this peeks into 1990s and 2000s, its difficult to recollect details but the overall learnings do remain.

School – Airforce school – 1990-92: Vague memories but the critical thing was holistic learning. What I do remember is a school that introduced us to discipline, computers, games, extra curriculars and more along with good education with a report card having lots of parameters in terms of evaluation rather than only academics. Learnings: Holistic learning.

School – Xavier’s – 1992-98: Place where we led a simple, disciplined life with a happy class of individuals from across the country. Schooling for me included scoring decent marks in 10th, 11th & 12th and getting into engineering along with playing non-stop whole day whenever we got a chance. More than 70-80% of the class seems to be achievers in their specific areas now. Learnings: Values, Simplicity, Good education.

College – LDCE – Civil engineering – 1998-2004: Critical learning was to manage things on your own which included freelancing to get work, learning computers, deciding how to study, being self sufficient, interacting with multi-geographical group of students from across India, making friends and understanding the value of stepping stones and foundation in life. Learnings: Unless you build a foundation of knowledge, discipline and goals – you will continue to face problems.

College – ICFAI Hyderabad / Dehradun – 2004-2006: Learned advanced concepts of technology around Java, Networking, Operating systems and more in a very tight / packed schedule of two years – probably included 25-30+ subjects at a place where I was forced to build a new network of friends. Met some wonderful friends from Northern and other parts of India. Got placed into services part of the then booming Information Technology industry from here. Learnings: Focus on goals around technology & career.

Will come out with part two at a later point of time for 2006 onwards.

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in