There are two major areas for translations in Liferay:

1. Web content
2. Portal itself for its navigation, menus, control panel, forms, portlets, etc. – Localization

• For web content, there are two major inbuilt options: Using XLIFF files or Liferay interface for manual translation (link provided in references) and automated translation using engines (via API) from Google, Amazon, Azure (link provided in references) and so on.
• There is an additional area as well for translation integration with products like MoxVeda (link provided in references) where redirections are setup at Web Server level of Liferay and it redirects based on a JAVASCRIPT button to various language translations on MoxVeda server to provide translated content and comes back. All headers and sessions are managed as is. This works both for in-prem and cloud option and is in use by various customers in India.
• For portal localization, 50 languages are available out of the box and more languages can be added as described in references section link by language properties file with other configurations.
• Other configurations like unicode and similar in index server (Elastic or SOLR) and database should be considered as needed.

Email me: Neil@HarwaniSystems.in

References:

• Using Third Parties for Translation – Liferay Learn
• Translating Web Content – Liferay Learn
• Adding A Language – Liferay Learn
• Localizing Your Application – Liferay Help Center
• MoxVeda | Best Website Translation, Localization Software (process9.com)